Could Slavery Have Died a Peaceful Death?

Could Slavery Have Died a Peaceful Death?

On January 31, 1865, the United States Congress narrowly passed an amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery; that this was accomplished thanks to the American Civil War is undeniable. That destroying slavery became a primary goal of the Civil War, however, was not initially expected. Many northerners were extremely reluctant to abolish the institution. Only through the actions of enslaved men and women, a small group of abolitionists, and the interaction of U.S. soldiers with the brutal institution was the North compelled to focus on slavery. Which begs the question: Could slavery have been abolished without the Civil War?

Read More

Experiencing the War: The Soldier's View

Experiencing the War: The Soldier's View

For soldiers, leaving home and entering a world far different from civilian life, change would come rapidly and without mercy.  Soldiers went through a psychological evolution from civilian to volunteer to soldier as they coped with the challenges of war, each step changing them more and taking them further from their civilian lives.  This process included suppressing pre-war identities and creating new ones, identities based on professionalism and a certain amount of callousness in order to survive the war. 

Read More

Approaching Appomattox: Evaluating the Future of the Civil War at the Close of the Sesquicentennial

Approaching Appomattox: Evaluating the Future of the Civil War at the Close of the Sesquicentennial

The 150th anniversary of the surrender at Appomattox is less than a month away.

If you have spent any time around a battlefield or related Civil War historic sites, you have probably heard people musing about what these commemorative landscapes will look like after the sesquicentennial closes. In short, many (most) people presume: they won’t look like much. Even die-hard Civil War buffs are predicting a sharp decline in visitation, interest, and enthusiasm once Appomattox passes.

I find that deeply troubling.

Read More

Patriotism in Print: The American Union, A Soldier's Wartime Paper

Patriotism in Print:  The American Union, A Soldier's Wartime Paper

On the evening of July 3, 1861, a dozen Union soldiers (self -described “disciples of Faust”) broke into the offices of the of the Virginia Republican—a decidedly secessionist organ—and appropriated the newspaper’s office for their own use.  The next morning—on the Fourth of July—the first issues of the American Union hit the streets of Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia).  The newspaper—composed and printed entirely by Union soldiers—enjoyed a brief existence in Martinsburg, lasting only as long as the Union troops occupied the town.  Despite its brief existence, however, the paper sheds light onto the patriotism and zeal of Union soldiers during the war's opening months.

Read More

Historical Context: A Response to Gordon Wood

Historical Context: A Response to Gordon Wood

Recently a friend provided me with an article from February 23, by Gordon Wood in The Weekly Standard.  Throughout that piece, “History in Context: The American Vision of Bernard Bailyn,” Wood praised his mentor for seeing the large themes and movements in American history without being waylaid by minutia, while simultaneously criticizing the current state of the history profession. It seems that Bailyn’s Peopling of British North America series, originated in 1986 has received a fair amount of criticism because it relegates the experiences of Native and African Americans to the sidelines. Criticism that Wood asserts is unjustified, but is also telling on the state of the historical profession. Namely that “[i]t’s as if academics have given up trying to recover an honest picture of the past and have decided that their history-writing should become simply an instrument of moral hand-wringing.” Wood goes on to argue that the academic focus on “inequality and white privilege in America society” via the proliferating studies of race and gender history has distracted the historical community. As a result, many readers lack the ability to gain from historians the full narrative of American history. Wood believes that the attention to African-American slaves, women, and Native Americans has fragmented the study of history in such a way that the attention to contemporary moral standards has anachronistically distorted the study of the past, taking it out of context.

Read More

Hoping for Freedom

Hoping for Freedom

Dred and Harriet Scott hold hands in front of the St. Louis courthouse where they first sued for their freedom, and look forever through the famous St. Louis Arch.  While the arch specifically relates to the Louis and Clark expedition and westward expansion, it also represents for many the American Dream...

Read More

"A Sunken House with Nothing but the Roof Above the Tide:" Rebuilding the CSS Virginia

"A Sunken House with Nothing but the Roof Above the Tide:" Rebuilding the CSS Virginia

On March 9, 1862, the famous duel between the ironclads USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (better known as the Merrimack) occurred at Hampton Roads.  Both ships signaled the dawn of a new age in Naval tactics and architecture; however, the Virginia makes more of an impact on the navies of the world and is made more remarkable in the fact that she was built by a confederation with so few resources and had such a short career.  The Virginia only lived for nine weeks between the time she was floated and her destruction; she spent only twelve days out of dry dock during those nine weeks, and was in battle for a total of about twelve hours.  In that short time span and with the resources pulled together by a fledgling Confederate government, the CSS Virginia ushered in the next era of naval technology.

Read More

Suing for Freedom: The Dred Scott Case

Suing for Freedom: The Dred Scott Case

In March 1857, the Supreme Court delivered a ruling that sent shock waves through the north.  In the Court opinion delivered by Chief Justice Roger Taney, slaves were not considered citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal Court, but more importantly Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories.  For free labor/free soil advocates in the north, this was a major step backwards in the efforts to contain the spread of slavery. 

Everything centered on one man, a slave named Dred Scott. 

Read More

The Civil War Sesquicentennial: Commemoration in the Digital Age

The Civil War Sesquicentennial: Commemoration in the Digital Age

The American Civil War has left behind layers. When modern Americans visit battlefields, we see not only scars left between the years 1861 and 1865, but also select remnants of eras before and after. We see historic structures, which were the homes and businesses of people who occupied these now hallowed spaces long before the soldiers in blue and gray. Monuments, placed by veterans, heritage groups, and state and federal governments dot the landscape. Fortified earthworks, rebuilt fences, even trees and parking lots all tell complex stories of various attempts at remembering. 

Which leads us to question, what has the 150th left behind?

Read More

Bringing Some Gold to the Civil War: Let’s Talk About California

Bringing Some Gold to the Civil War: Let’s Talk About California

At the corner of the angle stands a large, but simplistic stone monument.  Rising four stone layers from the pedestal, topped with pointed stone pieces, and supporting panels of writing on each side, this monument is not as flashy as many that surround it.  It is what is written at the very top of the side facing away from the Confederate line that catches the attention of those who stop and take a look.  Above the Second Corps trefoil is written “California Regiment.”  Californian soldiers were at Gettysburg? Really? Well…….no. 

Read More